INTRODUCTION TO WEB TECHNOLOGY

1. What is the difference between node and host?
A node is any addressable device connected to a network whereas the host is a more
specific descriptor that refers to a networked general-purpose computer rather than a single purpose device (such as a printer).
2. What is the purpose of routers?
Router operates like electronic postal workers that evaluate and forward packets
between networks.
3. Define protocol.
A protocol is a formal set of rules that must be followed in order to communicate.
4. Why are the protocols layered?
Layering protocols simplifies the task of communicating over the network and it
allows for reuse of layers that are not specific to a particular application.
5. Define encapsulation.
Placing the data inside a package of headers is known as encapsulation.
6. Define port.
A port is a logical channel to an application running on a host. ie., The applications
running on the host machines are uniquely identified by port numbers.
7. What do you mean by well-known ports?
Port numbers can range from 1 to 65535, however ports 1 to 1023 are reserved.
These reserved ports are referred to as we1l-known ports because the Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority publicly documents the applications that use them.
8. What is meant by Name Resolution?
Name Resolution is the process of mapping a hostname to its corresponding IP
Address.One way to translate a hostname to an IP address is to look it up in a simple text file.The second way is the domain name service, which is a distributed database containing all registered hostnames on the Internet and their IP addresses.
9. Define protocol tunneling.
Protocol tunneling is the process of encapsulating one protocol within another
protocol that operates on the same layer.
10. Define URI, URL, URN.
1. URI (Uniform Resource Identifier): It identifies an object on the Internet.
2. URL (Uniform Resource Locator): It is a specification for identifying an object
such as a file, newsgroup, CGI program or e-mail address by indicating the exact location on the internet.
3. URN (Uniform Resource Name): It is a method for referencing an object without
declaring the full path to the object.
11. What are the components of HTTP URL?
The components are host, an optional port, path, filename, section and query string.
12. Define URL encoding.
URL encoding involves replacing all unsafe and nonprintable characters with a
percent sign (%) followed by two hexadecimal digits corresponding to the character‟s ASCII value.
13. What are the issues of next generation IP?
The issues to be considered in IP next generation are
I. Addresses Space Growth
2. Support large Global networks
3. A clear way of transition from the existing IP to new IP next generation
14. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP:
Connection oriented transport protocol
Sends data as a stream of bytes
Guarantee of delivery
UDP:
Connection less protocol
Datagram service
No guarantee of delivery.
15. What does ICMP provide?
ICMP provides
1. Error messaging
2. Demand reply functions
16. Define IGMP.
It is Internet Group Management protocol. It provides
1. Broadcasting
2. Multicasting
17. List the goals of SGML.
I. To manage the flow of millions of pages.
2. For structuring information exchange
3. For modeling inter-document linkages
4. For managing information flows between departments and weapons systems
18. What is the role of server?
1. Manages application tasks
2. Handles storage
3. Handles security
4. Provides scalability
5. Handles accounting and distribution
19. What are the necessities of using HTML forms?
1. Gathering user information
2. Conducting Surveys
3. Interactive services
20. What are the sequences of steps for each HTTP request from a client to the server?
1. Making the connection
2. Making a request
3. The response
4. Closing the connection
21. Define MIME.
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is an open standard for sending
multipart, multimedia data through Internet email.
22. List the predefined MIME content types.
1. Text
2. Multipart
3. Message
4. Image
5. Audio
6. Video
7. Model
8. Application
23. Define HTML.
It is a simple page description language, which enables document creation for the
web.
24. What is meant by loop back address?
A zone that enables the server to direct traffic to itself. The host number is almost
always 127.0.0.1.